TeXworks ⇒ Inquire about Underfull \hbox

[yaozhao]

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Code, edit and compile here:

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\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}    
\usepackage{graphicx}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{202F}{\,}
\begin{document}
\title{Problem Set 8 Notes}
\author{Yao Zhao \\ University of Wisconsin-Madison}
\maketitle
Some students say there are a lot of concepts. It is true. But these concepts also have very close relationships with each other.   
\section{Marginal, Average, Total + *}  
I denote * here, which means * can be any words and the relatipnships among these three concepts always hold the same. For example, you may see marginal / average / total + product / cost / revenue / profit. All of these concepts have economic explanations. For example, you can refer to my Problem Set 6 Note in Canvas to check the ecnomic meanings of marginal / average / total product.   \\
Here I am focusing on their relationship mathematically. Specifically, given one function,how to derive the other two concepts?\\
 
 
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Run LaTeX here

LaTeX gives me such information. I don't understand.

Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 18--19
Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 20--21

[Stefan Kottwitz]

LaTeX does justification of text lines, to get a straight left and right margin. You used \\ to end a line, so that line is "underfull" and LaTeX issues a warning.

Using \\ for ending a line is usually not good. I would only use \\ to end lines in tabular, array, align or other multi-line environments, but never for normal text. Normal text has paragraph breaks (done by an empty line), but not line breaks plus paragraph breaks. Remove the \\ at the end of lines.

Stefan

[yaozhao]

I see. I still have 2 questions about paragraph breaks.

1st question: the effect of an empty line is totally the same as the effect of several empty lines. Right?

2nd question: what if I want to have an empty line space between two paragraphs?

[Johannes_B]

You are right, you can put as many blank lines as you want. For TeX, it is just one paragraph break.

If you want to have a blank line between paragraphs, use package parskip.

[Stefan Kottwitz]

It's done this way:

\usepackage{parskip}

And remove the \\ at line ends.

So, full example:

Code: Select all

Code, edit and compile here:

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\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}    
\usepackage{graphicx}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{202F}{\,}
 
 
 
\begin{document}
\title{Problem Set 8 Notes}
\author{Yao Zhao \\ University of Wisconsin-Madison}
\maketitle
 
Some students say there are a lot of concepts. It is true. But these concepts also have very close relationships with each other.   
 
\section{Marginal, Average, Total + *}  
I denote * here, which means * can be any words and the relatipnships among these three concepts always hold the same. For example, you may see marginal / average / total + product / cost / revenue / profit. All of these concepts have economic explanations. For example, you can refer to my Problem Set 6 Note in Canvas to check the ecnomic meanings of marginal / average / total product.
 
Here I am focusing on their relationship mathematically. Specifically, given one function,how to derive the other two concepts?
\end{document}
 
 
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Run LaTeX here

Stefan